• 3g Network Hong Kong

.3G is the third generation of mobile telecommunications technology. It is the upgrade for and networks, for faster data transfer speed. This is based on a set of standards used for mobile devices and mobile telecommunications use services and networks that comply with the International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) specifications by the. 3G finds application in wireless voice telephony, access, fixed wireless Internet access, video calls and mobile TV.3G telecommunication networks support services that provide an information transfer rate of at least 144. Later 3G releases, often denoted and, also provide access of several to and in laptop computers.

This ensures it can be applied to wireless voice telephony, mobile Internet access, fixed wireless Internet access, video calls and mobile TV technologies.A new generation of cellular standards has appeared approximately every tenth year since systems were introduced in 1979 and the early to mid-1980s. Each generation is characterized by new frequency bands, higher data rates and non–backward-compatible transmission technology.

The first commercial 3G networks were introduced in 2000. Contents.Overview Several telecommunications companies market wireless mobile Internet services as 3G, indicating that the advertised service is provided over a 3G wireless network.

Services advertised as 3G are required to meet IMT-2000 technical standards, including standards for reliability and speed (data transfer rates). To meet the IMT-2000 standards, a system is required to provide peak data rates of at least 144 kbit/s. However, many services advertised as 3G provide higher speed than the minimum technical requirements for a 3G service. Recent 3G releases, often denoted and, also provide mobile broadband access of several to smartphones and mobile modems in laptop computers.The following standards are typically branded 3G:.

the (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) system, first offered in 2001, standardized by 3GPP, used primarily in Europe, Japan, (however with a different radio interface) and other regions predominated by (Global Systems for Mobile) system infrastructure. The cell phones are typically UMTS and GSM hybrids. Several radio interfaces are offered, sharing the same infrastructure:. The original and most widespread radio interface is called (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access).

The radio interface was commercialized in 2009 and is only offered in China. The latest UMTS release, can provide peak data rates up to 56 Mbit/s in the downlink in theory (28 Mbit/s in existing services) and 22 Mbit/s in the uplink. the system, first offered in 2002, standardized by, used especially in North America and South Korea, sharing infrastructure with the 2G standard. The cell phones are typically CDMA2000 and IS-95 hybrids. The latest release Rev B offers peak rates of 14.7 Mbit/s downstream.The above systems and radio interfaces are based on radio transmission technology. While the standard ('2.9G'), cordless phones and standards formally also fulfill the IMT-2000 requirements and are approved as 3G standards by ITU, these are typically not branded 3G, and are based on completely different technologies.The following common standards comply with the IMT2000/3G standard:., a revision by the organization to the older based transmission methods, utilizing the same switching nodes, base station sites and frequencies as GPRS, but new base station and cellphone RF circuits.

It is based on the three times as efficient modulation scheme as supplement to the original modulation scheme. EDGE is still used extensively due to its ease of upgrade from existing 2G GSM infrastructure and cell-phones. combined with the 2.5G technology is called, and allows peak data rates in the order of 200 kbit/s, just as the original WCDMA versions, and thus formally fulfills the IMT2000 requirements on 3G systems.

However, in practice EDGE is seldom marketed as a 3G system, but a system. EDGE shows slightly better than the original UMTS and systems, but it is difficult to reach much higher peak data rates due to the limited GSM spectral bandwidth of 200 kHz, and it is thus a dead end.

was also a mode in the TDMA system, today ceased., the latest revision, has peaks of 1 Mbit/s downstream and 400 kbit/s upstream, but is not commercially used. The Universal Mobile Telecommunications System, created and revised by the. The family is a full revision from GSM in terms of encoding methods and hardware, although some GSM sites can be retrofitted to broadcast in the UMTS/ format.

W-CDMA is the most common deployment, commonly operated on the 2,100 MHz band. A few others use the 10, 900 and 1,900 MHz bands. is an amalgamation of several upgrades to the original W-CDMA standard and offers speeds of 14.4 Mbit/s down and 5.76 Mbit/s up. HSPA is backward-compatible with and uses the same frequencies as W-CDMA., a further revision and upgrade of HSPA, can provide theoretical peak data rates up to 168 Mbit/s in the downlink and 22 Mbit/s in the uplink, using a combination of air interface improvements as well as multi-carrier HSPA. Technically though, MIMO and DC-HSPA can be used without the '+' enhancements of HSPA+. The system, or IS-2000, including CDMA2000 1x and CDMA2000 High Rate Packet Data (or EVDO), standardized by ( differing from the 3GPP), evolving from the original IS-95 CDMA system, is used especially in North America, China, India, Pakistan, Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia, Europe and Africa.

3g Network Hong Kong

CDMA2000 1x Rev. E has an increased voice capacity (in excess of three times) compared to Rev. B offers downstream peak rates of 14.7 Mbit/s while Rev. C enhanced existing and new terminal user experience.While DECT cordless phones and standards formally also fulfill the IMT-2000 requirements, they are not usually considered due to their rarity and unsuitability for usage with mobile phones. Break-up of 3G systems The 3G (UMTS and CDMA2000) research and development projects started in 1992. In 1999, ITU approved five radio interfaces for IMT-2000 as a part of the ITU-R M.1457 Recommendation; was added in 2007.There are evolutionary standards (EDGE and CDMA) that are backward-compatible extensions to pre-existing networks as well as revolutionary standards that require all-new network hardware and frequency allocations. The cell phones use UMTS in combination with 2G GSM standards and bandwidths, but do not support EDGE.

The latter group is the family, which consists of standards developed for IMT-2000, as well as the independently developed standards and WiMAX, which were included because they fit the IMT-2000 definition.While fulfills the 3G specifications, most GSM/UMTS phones report EDGE ('2.75G') and UMTS ('3G') functionality. History 3G technology was the result of research and development work carried out by the (ITU) in the early 1980s. 3G specifications and standards were developed in fifteen years.

The technical specifications were made available to the public under the name IMT-2000. The communication spectrum between 400 MHz to 3 GHz was allocated for 3G. Both the government and communication companies approved the 3G standard. The first pre-commercial 3G network was launched by in Japan in 1998, branded as.

It was first available in May 2001 as a pre-release (test) of technology. See also:3G networks offer greater security than their 2G predecessors. By allowing the UE (User Equipment) to authenticate the network it is attaching to, the user can be sure the network is the intended one and not an impersonator. 3G networks use the instead of the older. However, a number of serious weaknesses in the KASUMI cipher have been identified.In addition to the 3G network infrastructure security, end-to-end security is offered when application frameworks such as IMS are accessed, although this is not strictly a 3G property.Applications of 3G The bandwidth and location information available to 3G devices gives rise to applications not previously available to mobile phone users.Evolution Both and are working on the extensions to 3G standards that are based on an and using advanced wireless technologies such as. These specifications already display features characteristic for (4G), the successor of 3G.

However, falling short of the bandwidth requirements for 4G (which is 1 Gbit/s for stationary and 100 Mbit/s for mobile operation), these standards are classified as 3.9G or Pre-4G.3GPP plans to meet the 4G goals with, whereas Qualcomm has halted development of UMB in favour of the LTE family.On 14 December 2009, Telia Sonera announced in an official press release that 'We are very proud to be the first operator in the world to offer our customers 4G services.' With the launch of their LTE network, initially they are offering pre-4G (or beyond 3G) services in Stockholm, Sweden and Oslo, Norway.See also. (also known as '0G').

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Retrieved 24 June 2012. Pools that cover only a fraction of the actual IPR for a standard are not very useful. It is essential that the large licensees sign up.

Examples of pools that have little impact are the 3G Licensing pool (which excludes the four largest IPR owners for 3G) and the 802.11 pool by ViaLicensing. Retrieved 24 June 2012. Even so, Qualcomm (San Diego) is still a wild card in the patent-pooling effort. Qualcomm was a member of the UMTS group when it was formed in February 1998, but deactivated its membership last September.

1 December 2005. Archived from on 24 May 2008. (PDF). Network Systems & Security Technologies. Archived from (PDF) on 12 September 2003., Reuters, 13 November 2008. 14 December 2009. Retrieved 6 September 2010.External links.Wikimedia Commons has media related to.Preceded bySucceeded.